17. Inside war, the government marketed traditional hairstyles and you can styles for everybody its victims; for girls, small, bowl-formed haircuts and you may baggy, high-waisted monpe trousers (are not used regarding country side) was encouraged just like the gestures away from austerity, modesty and you will house front side assistance on the full war work. To own a reason and you may analysis from wartime shojo depictions within the shojo zasshi, american men and greek women come across Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. For definitions regarding wartime manner and you can hair styles having mature lady, come across Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei doin zero shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Bing College student] and Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Extravagance ‘s the challenger: Fashion and fabric into the wartime Japan, when you look at the Jacqueline Atkins ”. In Wearing propaganda: Materials to the home side into the Japan, The uk, as well as the All of us, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The fresh Sanctuary and you may London area : Yale University Press . [Yahoo Pupil] .
18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, from Bara zero kobeya yori, reprinted from inside the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika zero shojo zasshi, into the Otsuka Eiji ”. In Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Google Scholar] , pp. 36–37.
19. Tale out of Young Yard, the latest interpreted Japanese identity of Louisa Can get Alcott’s Nothing Lady. This new term Wakakusa Monogatari try used in the event the movie is revealed within the The japanese into the 1934; before wrote translations and adjustment off Alcott’s vintage got additional titles.
20. Other styles away from shojo recreation, particularly brand new Takarazuka Revue, may also have provided an unit for the right man that have the version of the new danso no reijin[breathtaking girl inside male outfits], this new otokoyaku. Takarazuka not only cultivated a loyal shojo fan base from wartime and you will postwar age, however, are appeared continuously into the shojo zasshi, in particular Shojo no tomo. For a reason and you may historic/anthropological study of the Takarazuka Revue, find Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Bing Beginner] .
21. Dating back to brand new 1910s, educators and you can ethical supporters thought about flick theatres since the reproduction reasons for the newest furyo, otherwise given that furyo’s google search reasons behind their jogakusei sufferers. Some girls’ schools place rigorous criteria towards children which planned to sit in flick theatres, or banned attendance downright. Get a hold of Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko so you’re able to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Yahoo Student] , pp. 142–forty two.
Note: while the postcard respondent (or the publisher) put a special spelling (Wakagusa instead of Wakakusa), the quality spelling and you can enunciation are Wakakusa
twenty-two. The close overtones regarding sharing a keen umbrella has actually prewar and you can very early wartime precedents. Look for Kawabata Yasunari’s short story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) away from 1932, that contains a beneficial romantically billed scene from a couple of children discussing an enthusiastic umbrella. My using The month of january Bardsley to possess mentioning it union.
23. Find ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, in the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Crappy youthfulness: Teenager delinquency and the politics from lifestyle inside progressive Japan, Berkeley and Los angeles : University away from California Drive . [Google College student] , pp. 66–96.
twenty four. The latest commission transform signifies rates from 1946–50 rather than 1936–40 (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter An excellent. 1953 . Teenager delinquency into the The japanese. Pre-war, combat, and blog post-conflict years . New Diary of Violent Legislation, Criminology, and Police Research, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Google Pupil] , p. 430).
The only different to your gender-segregated program of blog post-number 1 training regarding Meiji period with the wartime period is actually the new coeducational Tokyo Sounds University [Tokyo ongaku gakko]
7. We evaluate these types of depictions in more detail regarding wartime chapter when you look at the my personal dissertation to the shojo zasshi:‘All of the Girl’s a period: Representations of Femininity and you can Adolescence within the Japanese Girls’ Periodicals, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford College or university, 2008).
16. See Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to help you jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Pupil] , p. 207.
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